Understanding Coeliac Disease
Learn the fundamentals of this autoimmune condition
In One Minute
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder where eating gluten causes the immune system to attack the small intestine. This damages the villi—tiny, finger-like projections that line the intestine and absorb nutrients. Over time, this damage leads to malabsorption of essential nutrients. The only treatment is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet.
What is Coeliac Disease?
Coeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. When people with celiac disease eat gluten—a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye—their immune system responds by damaging the lining of the small intestine.
This damage reduces the intestine's ability to absorb nutrients, potentially leading to malnutrition and other serious health complications if left untreated.
Common Symptoms
Digestive Symptoms
- Chronic diarrhea or constipation
- Abdominal pain and bloating
- Gas and nausea
- Vomiting
Other Symptoms
- Fatigue and weakness
- Weight loss
- Anemia
- Bone or joint pain
Who Gets Coeliac Disease?
Coeliac disease affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. It can develop at any age and occurs in people who have a genetic predisposition. Having a first-degree relative with celiac disease increases your risk significantly.
The disease is more common in people with other autoimmune disorders, such as Type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, and Down syndrome.
Learn More About Coeliac Disease
Authoritative organisations providing evidence-based information and support for coeliac disease.
Comprehensive overview of coeliac disease from the UK's leading charity.
United KingdomEducational resources about celiac disease symptoms, causes, and prevalence.
United StatesPan-European organisation providing information and advocacy for coeliac disease.
EuropeNote: External links are provided for informational purposes. We are not responsible for the content of external websites. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice.